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이 문서는 other uses에 관한 것입니다. Billionaire Boys Club (disambiguation)에 대해서는 the investing and social club run as a Ponzi scheme 문서를 참고하십시오.

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The Billionaire Boys Club was an investing and social club organized in 1983 by Joseph Henry Hunt (born Joseph Henry Gamsky)[1] in Southern California. It was originally simply named "BBC", the initials of Bombay Bicycle Club, a restaurant Hunt had frequented as a young man in Chicago.[2] The "get rich quick" investments the group offered to clients added up to what was essentially one big Ponzi scheme.[3]

The club enticed the sons of wealthy families from the Harvard School for Boys (now Harvard-Westlake School; not affiliated with Harvard University) in the Los Angeles area with get-rich-quick schemes. Due to the reputation of the organization for being composed of young, inexperienced men from moneyed families, it was jokingly referred to as the "Billionaire Boys' Club".[4] Hunt himself came from a single-parent family in the lower-middle-class suburb of Van Nuys, and was able to attend the Harvard School only with the help of scholarships.

In 1984, Hunt was arrested for murdering Ron Levin, the group's main investor and himself a con artist, and Hedayat Eslaminia, the father of one of the club's members.[5]

The story was recounted in a 1987 miniseries and a 2018 film.

Crime

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The organization was run as a Ponzi scheme,[6] and money contributed by investors was spent on supporting lavish lifestyles for young members of the club.

Hunt and club security director Jim Pittman were charged with the murder of Levin, a con artist[7] who had allegedly swindled the BBC out of over $4 million. Levin's body was never found, and Hunt maintains that Levin, who was under criminal investigation and out on bail at the time of his disappearance, instead fled the country to escape prosecution.

When authorities began to investigate the murders, Dean Karny, the club's second-in-command and Hunt's best friend, turned state's evidence on both murders in return for immunity from prosecution on three different felony charges in exchange for testimony.

BBC members Hunt, Pittman, Karny (before his immunity deal), Arben Dosti, and Reza Eslaminia were charged with the murder of Hedayat Eslaminia, Reza's father. They allegedly killed him to acquire his fortune, which was reputed to be $35 million (the senior Eslaminia was, in fact, nearly penniless).[5]

Trials and convictions

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During his trial for the murder of Levin, Hunt's defense attorney presented two witnesses, Carmen Canchola and Jesus Lopez, who testified that they saw Levin after his alleged murder, in September 1986 at a gas station in Tucson, Arizona. Canchola and Lopez identified pictures of Levin from multiple photographic lineups as the same man they had seen at the gas station.[8] In 1987 a Southern California Court found Hunt guilty of Levin's 1984 murder and sentenced him to life in prison without the possibility of parole.

Pittman was unable to make $500,000 bail ($1.2 million today), so he was kept incarcerated through two Southern California trials for his active role in the murder of Levin. Both ended in hung juries. In 1988, before a third trial, prosecutors offered Pittman a deal, whereby he pleaded guilty to being an accessory to murder after the fact and possession of a concealed weapon, and was sentenced to time served, being the 3+1⁄2 years he was incarcerated since his 1984 arrest.

The trials for the murder of Hedayat Eslaminia were held in Northern California. With the testimony of accomplice Karny, both Dosti and Reza Eslaminia were convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment without parole. Dosti and Reza Eslaminia both were released on appeal using evidence from Hunt's second trial, and Hunt was also acquitted of the Eslaminia murder charge.

Hunt and Pitman's trials for murdering Levin had delayed their trials for murdering Eslaminia, with other pre-trial motions pushing Hunt's Northern California trial to 1992. Hunt acted as his own attorney during this trial and contended that star witness Karny had killed Eslaminia. The result was a hung jury, 8–4, in favor of Hunt's acquittal. Hunt is the only person in California legal history to represent himself in a capital case and not receive the death penalty. When prosecutors realized they likely could convict neither Hunt nor Pittman, they dismissed all charges against Hunt and Pittman in the murder of Eslaminia.

Subsequent events

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On May 20, 1993, a few months after all charges were dropped against him in the Eslaminia case, Jim Pittman admitted on the television program A Current Affair to have participated in the Levin murder, confessing that he was the one who shot Levin and bragging that he was now untouchable in court due to the restriction on double jeopardy.[7] Pittman, granted release with time served in two murders, died of kidney failure in 1997, age 44.

The convictions of Dosti and Reza Eslaminia were overturned in 2000.

Levin survival theory

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Hunt maintains that Levin's con artistry extends to having faked his own death, as no body was found in the case.[9] At the time of his disappearance, Levin was free on bail and awaiting trial, and Hunt's defense team argued that Levin left the country to escape a pending FBI investigation into his financial misdeeds.

After Hunt's conviction, eight witnesses came forward stating that they had seen Ron Levin alive in various locations in 1986 and 1987, including Greece and Los Angeles.[10] One witness, Nadia Ghaleb, who was acquainted with Levin, testified that she saw him getting into a car on San Vicente Boulevard in West Los Angeles; another, Ivan Werner, who worked as a funeral director at Pierce Brothers Funeral Home in Westwood, testified that he saw Levin attending a funeral.[11]

In his appeal, Hunt's defense counsel argued that key facts were withheld from jurors during his original trial for Levin's murder. These include Levin's "habit of writing large, worthless checks," his conversations with witnesses about plans to leave for New York or for Granada, Spain, and a conversation with another witness requesting advice on how to dye his hair. Defense attorneys also pointed out that Levin had restructured his already-made bail arrangements to release his parents from liability, and asked one witness for information about Brazilian extradition treaties. There was also a purchase made using Levin's American Express card on the day after the murder was thought to have taken place, of underwear from the Brooks Brothers store in Los Angeles, where Levin was known to shop.

As of September 2018, Hunt's family has offered a $100,000 reward for evidence of Levin's whereabouts after June 6, 1984.[12]

Hunt's attempts to appeal his conviction

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On the basis of multiple witness statements that Levin had been seen alive, and claims of ineffective assistance of counsel[10] and judicial misconduct,[13] Hunt sought to have his murder conviction overturned and get a new trial.Hunt's direct appeal was denied on July 12, 1996.[14] However, in a federal habeas proceeding in 2004, Hunt's continuing effort to have his murder conviction overturned was revived, as the Ninth Circuit reversed a dismissal of his habeas petition.[15] But this appeal, too, was ultimately unsuccessful.

In June 2016, the Ninth Circuit affirmed the Central District of California's denial of Hunt's habeas corpus petition. In its affirmance, the court noted that "fairminded jurists could disagree" as to whether Hunt's trial lawyer was ineffective in his defense of Hunt, but cited the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996's "doubly deferential lens" in its refusal to overturn the Central District's decision.[16]

In October 2018, the Los Angeles Superior Court denied an additional habeas corpus petition.[17]

In January 2018, Hunt filed an application for commutation of his sentence, which would change it from life without possibility of parole to an indeterminate life term, which would give Hunt the opportunity to prove his rehabilitation before a parole board.[18]

The petition notes that in prison, Hunt "is a different person: a chapel assistant and law clerk," and "a voice for nonviolence". The petition also describes Hunt's in-custody record of conduct as "exceptional" and details his founding and facilitation of a men's spiritual group at the California State Prison in Sacramento where Hunt was imprisoned until 2012.

In September 2018, Hunt's family and friends launched the website FreeJoeHunt.com in support of his release.[19]틀:Primary source inline

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In 1987, NBC aired a miniseries based on the story of the Billionaire Boys Club, starring Judd Nelson as Joe Hunt, Brian McNamara as Dean Karny, and Ron Silver as Ron Levin. Hunt was the basis for Philip Swann, a character in the Law & Order Season 4 episode "American Dream," which was subsequently adapted into the Law & Order: UK episode "Unsafe".[출처 필요] The Billionaire Boys Club is also the topic of two books: The Billionaire Boys Club by Sue Horton and The Price of Experience by Randall Sullivan. The murders are also the subject of the song "Things to Do Today" by Chicago band Big Black.[출처 필요]

On July 17, 2002, TruTV aired an episode of Dominick Dunne's Power, Privilege and Justice titled "Billionaire Boys Club", presented by author Dominick Dunne, which summarized the events surrounding the "club" and the kidnapping, murders, and trials. Investigation Discovery's Behind Mansion Walls revisited the case in the 2011 episode "Fatal Greed".

A feature film titled Billionaire Boys Club starring Ansel Elgort as Joe Hunt, Taron Egerton as Dean Karny, and Kevin Spacey as Ron Levin was released in 2018.[20] The film debuted to a dismal opening night, grossing a meager $126.00, mainly due to the involvement of Spacey, who months earlier had been accused of several instances of sexual harassment and sexual assault.[21][22][23] Judd Nelson, who played Hunt in the 1987 miniseries, played Hunt's father.[24]

The true-crime podcast series Hollywood & Crime, narrated by actor Timothy Olyphant, covered the subject in the summer of 2020.[25]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ Shaw, Daniel (1987년 2월 7일). “SAGA OF FAST-TRACK GROUP TOLD AT TRIAL”. 《The Washington Post》. 
  2. ↑ Dominick Dunne's Power, Privilege, and Justice – Episode "Billionaire Boys Club"
  3. ↑ Helling, Steve (2016년 8월 13일). “Fast Cars, Armani Suits, Pretty Women: How the 'Billionaire Boys Club' Led to Murder”. 《People》 (New York City). 2018년 12월 15일에 확인함. 
  4. ↑ Elias, Paul (2018년 10월 22일). “Billionaire Boys Club's Joe Hunt seeks cut in life sentence”. 《Associated Press》. 2018년 12월 15일에 확인함. 
  5. ↑ 가 나 Stannard, Matthew B. (2000년 11월 7일). “Charges In Famed Death Dropped / Victim's son accused in 'billionaire' slaying”. 《San Francisco Chronicle》 (San Francisco, California). 2018년 12월 15일에 확인함. 
  6. ↑
  7. ↑ 가 나 Boxall, Bettina (1993년 5월 21일). “Billionaire Boys Club Bodyguard Admits Slaying in TV Interview”. 《Los Angeles Times》. 2018년 12월 15일에 확인함. 
  8. ↑ “Ninth Circuit Appeal, Excerpts of the Record, Vol I” (PDF). 
  9. ↑ “Dead or Alive?”. 1996년 7월 12일. 
  10. ↑ 가 나 Deutsch, Linda (1996년 5월 2일). “Levin Sightings Cast Doubt on Boys' Club Murder”. 《Spartanburg Herald-Journal》. Spartanburg, South Carolina. 2018년 12월 15일에 확인함 – Google News 경유. 
  11. ↑ Abrahamson, Alan (1996년 5월 20일). “Dead or Alive?”. 《Los Angeles Times》. 2018년 12월 15일에 확인함. 
  12. ↑ “$100,000 Reward”. 
  13. ↑ “Laurence J. Rittenband, 81, Shows an Unorthodox Style : Crusty Judge Rules His Court with Iron Hand”. 1987년 4월 13일. 
  14. ↑ “Los Angeles Times, "Billionaire Boys Club Leader Denied New Trial" July 13, 1996”. 
  15. ↑ “HUNT v. PLILER | 336 F.3d 839 (2003)”. 《Leagle》. 2020년 3월 23일에 확인함. 
  16. ↑ “JOSEPH HUNT V. TIM VIRGA, No. 13-56207 (9th Cir. 2016)”. 
  17. ↑ https://freejoehunt.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/habeas_petition_denial_10-5-18.pdf 틀:Bare URL PDF
  18. ↑ https://freejoehunt.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/LEGAL-ODYSSEY_-Commutation-Application-JAN-2018.pdf 틀:Bare URL PDF
  19. ↑ “Twitter Announcement from @FreeJoeHunt”. 
  20. ↑
  21. ↑ McKee, Ruth (2018년 8월 19일). “Kevin Spacey film takes in just $126 as it flops at US box office”. 《The Guardian》. 2020년 3월 23일에 확인함. 
  22. ↑ Wootson, Cleve R., Jr. (2018년 8월 18일). “'Abysmal': Kevin Spacey's 'Billionaire Boys Club' earned just $618 on opening weekend”. 《The Washington Post》. 2020년 3월 23일에 확인함. 
  23. ↑ McCarthy, Tyler (2018년 8월 19일). “Kevin Spacey's new film 'Billionaire Boys Club' opens to incredibly low $126 following sexual misconduct allegations”. Fox News Channel. 2020년 3월 23일에 확인함. 
  24. ↑ McNary, Dave (2015년 12월 5일). “Judd Nelson Returns for 'Billionaire Boys Club' Remake (EXCLUSIVE)”. 《Variety》. 2015년 12월 11일에 확인함. 
  25. ↑ Lambe, Stacy (2020년 7월 31일). “Timothy Olyphant Hosts a 'Billionaire Boys Club' Crime Podcast: Listen”. 《Entertainment Tonight》. 2021년 6월 24일에 확인함. 

Further reading

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  • Horton, Sue. The Billionaire Boys Club. New York: St. Martin's Paperbacks, 1990.
  • Hunt, Joseph & Adams, Alan. Blue Dharma. Blue Dharma Press, 2008.
  • Sullivan, Randall. The Price of Experience: Money, Power, Image, and Murder in Los Angeles. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1996.
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