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사용자:Whitetiger/번역/LGBT

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다른 뜻에 대해서는 the initialism 문서를 참고하십시오.

틀:For outline 틀:Use dmy dates

A six-band rainbow flag representing the LGBT community

틀:LGBT sidebar

틀:Dfn is an initialism that stands for "lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender". It may refer to anyone who is non-heterosexual or non-cisgender, instead of exclusively to people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender.[1] A popular variant, 틀:Dfn, adds the letter Q for those who identify as queer or are questioning their sexual or gender identity.[2] Another popular variation, LGBTQ+, adds a plus sign "represents those who are part of the community, but for whom LGBTQ does not accurately capture or reflect their identity".[3] Many further variations of the acronym exist, such as LGBT+ (simplified to encompass the Q concept within the plus sign), LGBTQIA+ (adding intersex, and asexual/aromantic), and 2SLGBTQ+ (adding two-spirit for a term specific to Indigenous North Americans). The LGBT label is not universally agreed to by everyone that it is generally intended to include.[4] In use since the late 1980s, the initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an umbrella term for marginalized sexualities and gender identities.[5]

LGBT is an adaptation of 틀:Dfn, which in the mid-to-late 1980s began to replace the term gay (or gay and lesbian) in reference to the broader LGBT community.[6] When not inclusive of transgender people, the shorter LGB is still used.[7][8]

History of the term

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  Terminology of homosexuality 문서에 이 부분의 추가 정보가 있습니다.
 
The Stonewall Inn in the gay village of Greenwich Village, Manhattan, site of the June 1969 Stonewall riots, the cradle of the modern LGBT rights movement and an icon of LGBT culture, is adorned with rainbow pride flags.[9][10][11]
 
LGBT publications, pride parades, and related events, such as this stage at Bologna Pride 2008 in Italy, increasingly drop the LGBT initialism instead of regularly adding new letters, and dealing with issues of placement of those letters within the new title.[12]

The first widely used term, homosexual, now a term used primarily in scientific contexts, has at times carried negative connotations in the United States.[13] Gay became a popular term in the 1970s.[14]

As lesbians forged more public identities, the phrase gay and lesbian became more common.[15] A dispute as to whether the primary focus of their political aims should be feminism or gay rights led to the dissolution of some lesbian organizations, including Daughters of Bilitis, which was founded by Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon,[16] but disbanded in 1970 following disputes over which goal should take precedence.[17] As equality was a priority for lesbian feminists, disparity of roles between men and women or butch and femme were viewed as patriarchal. Lesbian feminists eschewed gender role play that had been pervasive in bars as well as the perceived chauvinism of gay men; many lesbian feminists refused to work with gay men or take up their causes.[18]

Lesbians who held the essentialist view that they had been born homosexual and used the descriptor lesbian to define sexual attraction often considered the separatist opinions of lesbian-feminists to be detrimental to the cause of gay rights.[19] Bisexual and transgender people also sought recognition as legitimate categories within the larger minority community.[15]

In the late 1970s and the early 1980s, after the elation of change following group action in the 1969 Stonewall riots in New York City, some gays and lesbians became less accepting of bisexual or transgender people.[20][7] Critics틀:Like whom? said that transgender people were acting out stereotypes, and bisexuals were simply gay men or lesbian women who were afraid to come out and be honest about their identity.[20] Each community has struggled to develop its own identity including whether, and how, to align with other gender and sexuality-based communities, at times excluding other subgroups; these conflicts continue to this day.[7] LGBTQ activists and artists have created posters to raise consciousness about the issue since the movement began.[21]

From about 1988, activists began to use the initialism LGBT in the United States.[22] Not until the 1990s within the movement did gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people gain equal respect.[7] This spurred some organizations to adopt new names, as the GLBT Historical Society did in 1999.[23] Although the LGBT community has seen much controversy regarding universal acceptance of different member groups (bisexual and transgender individuals, in particular, have sometimes been marginalized by the larger LGBT community), the term LGBT has been a positive symbol of inclusion.[1][7]

Despite the fact that LGBT does not nominally encompass all individuals in smaller communities (see Variants below), the term is generally accepted to include those not specifically identified in the four-letter initialism.[1][7] Overall, the use of the term LGBT has, over time, largely aided in bringing otherwise marginalized individuals into the general community.[1][7] Transgender actress Candis Cayne, in 2009, described the LGBT community as "the last great minority", noting that "we can still be harassed openly" and be "called out on television".[24]

In 2016, GLAAD's Media Reference Guide states that LGBTQ is the preferred initialism, being more inclusive of younger members of the communities who embrace queer as a self-descriptor.[25] Some people consider queer to be a derogatory term originating in hate speech and reject it, especially among older members of the community.[26]

Variants

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2010 pride parade in Plaza de Mayo, Buenos Aires, which used the LGBTIQ initialism[27]
 
People gathering at the Senate Square, Helsinki, right before the 2011 Helsinki Pride parade started

Many variants exist, such as the more inclusive 틀:Dfn and variations that change the order of the letters or include additional letters. At least some of the components of sexuality (regarding hetero, bi, straight), and also gender are stated to be on different spectrums of sexuality.[28][29] Other common variants also exist, such as LGBTQIA,[30] with the I standing for intersex and the A standing for asexual, aromantic, or agender,[31][32] and LGBTQIA+, where "the '+' represents those who are part of the community, but for whom LGBTQ does not accurately capture or reflect their identity".[3] Longer initialisms have been criticized as confusing or unwieldy,[33][34][35] sometimes being referred to as "alphabet soup",[36] and mocked with labels such as 틀:Wt, 틀:Wt, and 틀:Wt.[37][38][39] The implication that the initialism refers to a single community is also controversial.[4]

Although identical in meaning, LGBT may have a more feminist connotation than 틀:Dfn as it places the "L" (for "lesbian") first.[7] LGBT may also include additional Qs for "queer" or "questioning" (sometimes abbreviated with a question mark and sometimes used to mean anybody not literally L, G, B or T) producing the variants LGBTQ and 틀:Dfn.[40][41][42] The order of the letters has not been standardized; in addition to the variations between the positions of the initial "L" or "G", the mentioned, less common letters, if used, may appear in almost any order.[7] In Spain, LGTB is used, that is, reversing the letters "B" and "T".[43] Variant terms do not typically represent political differences within the community, but arise simply from the preferences of individuals and groups.[44]

The terms pansexual, omnisexual, fluid and queer-identified are regarded as falling under the umbrella term bisexual (and therefore are considered a part of the bisexual community). Some use LGBT+ to mean "LGBT and related communities".[29] Other variants may have a "U" for "unsure"; a "C" for "curious"; another "T" for "transvestite"; a "TS", "2S", or "2" for "two-spirit" persons; or an "SA" for "straight allies".[45][46][47][48][49] The inclusion of straight allies in the LGBT initialism has proven controversial, as many straight allies have been accused of using LGBT advocacy to gain popularity and status in recent years,[50] and various LGBT activists have criticised the heteronormative worldview of certain straight allies.[51] Some may also add a "P" for "polyamorous" or "pangender", an "H" for "HIV-affected", or an "O" for "other".[7][52] The initialism 틀:Dfn has seen use in India to encompass the hijra third gender identity and the related subculture.[53][54]

Adding the term allies to the initialism has sparked controversy,[55][56] with some seeing the inclusion of ally in place of asexual/aromantic/agender as a form of LGBT erasure.[31][57][58] There is also the acronym 틀:Dfn (queer and questioning, unsure, intersex, lesbian, transgender and two-spirit, bisexual, asexual and aromantic, and gay and genderqueer).[59] Similarly 틀:Dfn stands for "lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, asexual and many other terms (such as non-binary and pansexual)".[60][61]

In Canada, the community is sometimes identified as LGBTQ2 (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and two spirit).[62] Depending on which organization is using the abbreviation, the choice of initialism changes. Businesses and the CBC often simply employ LGBT as a proxy for any longer abbreviation, private activist groups often employ LGBTQ+,[63] whereas public health providers favour the more inclusive LGBT2Q+ to accommodate twin spirited indigenous peoples.[64] For a time, the Pride Toronto organization used the much lengthier initialism 틀:Dfn, but appears to have dropped this in favour of simpler wording.[65] Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was also criticized for using the 2SLGBTQQIA+ initialism.[66][67] As of July 2023, the Government of Canada's official term is 2SLGBTQI+.[68] Trudeau's new acronym was criticized by some social media users.[69]

Transgender inclusion

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The term trans* has been adopted by some groups as a more inclusive alternative to "transgender", where trans (without the asterisk) has been used to describe trans men and trans women, while trans* covers all non-cisgender (genderqueer) identities, including transgender, transsexual, transvestite, genderqueer, genderfluid, non-binary, genderfuck, genderless, agender, non-gendered, third gender, two-spirit, bigender, and trans man and trans woman.[70][71] Likewise, the term transsexual commonly falls under the umbrella term transgender, but some transsexual people object to this.[7]

Intersex inclusion

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  이 부분의 본문은 Intersex and LGBT입니다.

Those who add intersex people to LGBT groups or organizations may use the extended initialism 틀:Dfn,[72][73] or 틀:Dfn.[74]

The relationship of intersex to lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans, and queer communities is complex,[75] but intersex people are often added to the LGBT category to create an LGBTI community. Some intersex people prefer the initialism LGBTI, while others would rather that they not be included as part of the term.[73][76] Emi Koyama describes how inclusion of intersex in LGBTI can fail to address intersex-specific human rights issues, including creating false impressions "that intersex people's rights are protected" by laws protecting LGBT people, and failing to acknowledge that many intersex people are not LGBT.[77] Organisation Intersex International Australia states that some intersex individuals are same-sex attracted, and some are heterosexual, but "LGBTI activism has fought for the rights of people who fall outside of expected binary sex and gender norms".[78][79] Julius Kaggwa of SIPD Uganda has written that, while the gay community "offers us a place of relative safety, it is also oblivious to our specific needs".[80]

Numerous studies have shown higher rates of same-sex attraction in intersex people,[81][82] with a recent Australian study of people born with atypical sex characteristics finding that 52% of respondents were non-heterosexual;[83][84] thus, research on intersex subjects has been used to explore means of preventing homosexuality.[81][82] As an experience of being born with sex characteristics that do not fit social norms,[85] intersex can be distinguished from transgender,[86][87][88] while some intersex people are both intersex and transgender.[89]

Asexual, aromantic and agender inclusion

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  이 부분의 본문은 Asexuality, Aromanticism 및 Agender입니다.

In the early 2010s, asexuality and aromanticism started gaining wider recognition. Around 2015, they were included in the expanded initialism LGBTQIA, with the A standing for asexual, aromantic, commonly grouped together as a-spec along with agender.[31][32]

Asexual individuals experience minimal to no sexual attraction to others, and it is crucial to acknowledge that asexuality is a legitimate sexual orientation, not a deficiency or a temporary state. Similarly, aromantic individuals lack romantic attraction to others, yet they can still forge profound emotional connections and strong bonds with people without the romantic component. Furthermore, agender individuals either have no gender identity or possess a neutral or genderless gender identity.[90]

Some people have mistakenly claimed the A stands for ally, but allies are not a marginalized group and mentions of A for ally have regularly sparked controversy as a form of LGBT erasure.[55][56]

Criticism of the term

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LGBT families, like these in a 2007 Boston pride parade, are labeled as non-heterosexual by researchers for a variety of reasons.[91][더 나은 출처 필요]

The initialisms LGBT or GLBT are not agreed to by everyone that they encompass.[4] For example, some argue that transgender and transsexual causes are not the same as that of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people.[92] This argument centers on the idea that being transgender or transsexual has to do more with gender identity, or a person's understanding of being or not being a man or a woman irrespective of their sexual orientation.[7] LGB issues can be seen as a matter of sexual orientation or attraction.[7] These distinctions have been made in the context of political action in which LGB goals, such as same-sex marriage legislation and human rights work (which may not include transgender and intersex people), may be perceived to differ from transgender and transsexual goals.[7]

A belief in "lesbian and gay separatism" (not to be confused with the related "lesbian separatism") holds that lesbians and gay men form (or should form) a community distinct and separate from other groups normally included in the LGBTQ sphere.[93] While not always appearing in sufficient numbers or organization to be called a movement, separatists are a significant, vocal, and active element within many parts of the LGBT community.[94][93][95] In some cases separatists will deny the existence or right to equality of bisexual orientations and of transsexuality,[94] sometimes leading public biphobia and transphobia.[94][93] In contrasts to separatists, Peter Tatchell of the LGBT human rights group OutRage! argues that to separate the transgender movement from the LGB would be "political madness", stating that:[96]

Queers are, like transgender people, gender deviant. We don't conform to traditional heterosexist assumptions of male and female behaviour, in that we have sexual and emotional relationships with the same sex. We should celebrate our discordance with mainstream straight norms.

The portrayal of an all-encompassing "LGBT community" or "LGB community" is also disliked by some lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people.[97][98] Some do not subscribe to or approve of the political and social solidarity, and visibility and human rights campaigning that normally goes with it, including LGBT pride marches and events.[97][98] Some of them believe that grouping together people with non-heterosexual orientations perpetuates the myth that being gay/lesbian/bi/asexual/pansexual/etc. makes a person deficiently different from other people.[97] These people are often less visible compared to more mainstream gay or LGBT activists.[97][98] Since this faction is difficult to distinguish from the heterosexual majority, it is common for people to assume all LGBT people support LGBT liberation and the visibility of LGBT people in society, including the right to live one's life differently from the majority.[97][98][99] In the 1996 book Anti-Gay, a collection of essays edited by Mark Simpson, the concept of a 'one-size-fits-all' identity based on LGBT stereotypes is criticized for suppressing the individuality of LGBT people.[100]

Writing in the BBC News Magazine in 2014, Julie Bindel questions whether the various gender groupings now, "bracketed together[,] ... share the same issues, values and goals?" Bindel refers to a number of possible new initialisms for differing combinations and concludes that it may be time for the alliances to either be reformed or go their "separate ways".[101] In 2015, the slogan "Drop the T" was coined to encourage LGBT organizations to stop support of transgender people as they say that sexual orientation, LGB, does not share similarity with gender identity, the T. the campaign has been widely condemned by many LGBT groups as transphobic.[102][103][104][105]

Alternative terms

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Queer

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  이 부분의 본문은 Queer입니다.

Many have expressed desire for an umbrella term to replace existing initialisms.[94] Queer gained popularity as an umbrella-term for sexual and gender minorities in the 21st century.[106] The term remains controversial, particularly among older LGBT people, who perceive it as offensive due to its historical usage as a slur,[106] as well as those who wish to dissociate themselves from queer radicalism,[107] and those who see it as amorphous and trendy.[108] Some younger people feel queer is a more politically charged, more powerful term than LGBT.[109][110] In a 2018 U.S. study, about 1 in 5 LGBTQ people identified as "queer".[106]

SGM/GSM/GSRM

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  Sexual minority, Gender minority 및 Romantic minority 문서를 참고하십시오.

SGM, or GSM,[111] an abbreviation for sexual and gender minorities, has gained particular currency in government, academia, and medicine. GSRM is also used to include romantic minorities such as aromanticism.[112][113]

New Zealand Human Rights Commission uses "Rights of Sexual and Gender Minorities" to discuss the LGBT rights.[114] It has been adopted by the National Institutes of Health,[115] the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services[116] and the UCLA Williams Institute, which studies SGM law and policy.[117] Duke University and the University of California San Francisco both have prominent sexual and gender minority health programs.[118][119] An NIH paper recommends the term SGM because it is inclusive of "those who may not self-identify as LGBT ... or those who have a specific medical condition affecting reproductive development".[120] A publication from the White House Office of Management and Budget states, "We believe that SGM is more inclusive, because it includes persons not specifically referenced by the identities listed in LGBT."[121]

A UK government paper favors SGM because initials like LGBTIQ+ stand for terms that, especially outside the Global North, are "not necessarily inclusive of local understandings and terms used to describe sexual and gender minorities".[122] An example of usage outside the Global North is the Constitution of Nepal, which identifies "gender and sexual minorities" as a protected class.[123] Similarly, the Constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court of India when decriminalizing homosexuality in the case of Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018), said:[124]

Individuals belonging to sexual and gender minorities experience discrimination, stigmatization, and, in some cases, denial of care on account of their sexual orientation and gender identity. However, it is important to note that 'sexual and gender minorities' do not constitute a homogenous group, and experiences of social exclusion, marginalization, and discrimination, as well as specific health needs, vary considerably. Nevertheless, these individuals are united by one factor - that their exclusion, discrimination and marginalization is rooted in societal heteronormativity and society's pervasive bias towards gender binary and opposite-gender relationships, which marginalizes and excludes all non-heteronormative sexual and gender identities.[125]

Further umbrella terms

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In Canada especially, the term 틀:Dfn is seen, with the first two characters standing for two-spirit; the whole term stands for two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer and questioning, and is intended as a term encompassing all sexual- and gender-minorities. For some indigenous people, two-spirit invokes a combination of identities, including sexual, gender, cultural, and spiritual.[126]

Some people advocate the term "minority sexual and gender identities" (MSGI, coined in 2000) for the purpose of explicitly including all people who are not cisgender and heterosexual or "gender, sexual, and romantic minorities" (GSRM), which is more explicitly inclusive of minority romantic orientations and polyamory, but those have not been widely adopted either.[127][128][129][130][131] Other rare umbrella terms are Gender and Sexual Diversities (GSD),[132] MOGII (Marginalized Orientations, Gender Identities, and Intersex) and MOGAI (Marginalized Orientations, Gender Alignments and Intersex).[133][134]

SGL (same gender loving) is sometimes favored among gay male African Americans as a way of distinguishing themselves from what they regard as white-dominated LGBT communities.[135]

Clinical

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In public health settings, MSM ("men who have sex with men") is clinically used to describe men who have sex with other men without referring to their sexual orientation, with WSW ("women who have sex with women") also used as an analogous term.[136][137]

MVPFAFF

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MVPFAFF is an abbreviation for Māhū, Vakasalewa, Palopa, Fa'afafine, Akava'ine, Fakaleitī (Leiti), and Fakafifine. This term was developed by Phylesha Brown-Acton in 2010 at the Asia Pacific Games Human Rights Conference.[138] This refers to those in the rainbow Pacific Islander community, who may or may not identify with the LGBT initialism.[139]

See also

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 LGBT 포털

References

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  1. ↑ 가 나 다 라 Shankle, Michael D. (2006). 《The Handbook of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health: A Practitioner's Guide To Service》. Haworth Press. ISBN 978-1-56023-496-8. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  2. ↑ “Civilities, What does the acronym LGBTQ stand for?”. 《The Washington Post》. 2020년 1월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2018년 2월 19일에 확인함. 
  3. ↑ 가 나 “LGBTQIA+”. 《www.uncw.edu》 (영어). 2023년 5월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 8월 31일에 확인함. 
  4. ↑ 가 나 다 Finnegan, Dana G.; McNally, Emily B. (2002). 《Counseling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Substance Abusers: Dual Identities》. Haworth Press. ISBN 978-1-56023-925-3. 
  5. ↑ Parent, Mike C.; DeBlaere, Cirleen; Moradi, Bonnie (June 2013). “Approaches to Research on Intersectionality: Perspectives on Gender, LGBT, and Racial/Ethnic Identities”. 《Sex Roles》 68 (11–12): 639–645. doi:10.1007/s11199-013-0283-2. S2CID 144285021. 
  6. ↑ Acronyms, Initialisms & Abbreviations Dictionary, Volume 1, Part 1. Gale Research Co., 1985, ISBN 978-0-8103-0683-7. Factsheet five, Issues 32–36, Mike Gunderloy, 1989 보관됨 6 9월 2015 - 웨이백 머신
  7. ↑ 가 나 다 라 마 바 사 아 자 차 카 타 파 하 Alexander, Jonathan; Yescavage, Karen (2003). 《Bisexuality and Transgenderism: InterSEXions of The Others》. Haworth Press. ISBN 978-1-56023-287-2. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  8. ↑ Bohan, Janis S. (1996). 《Psychology and Sexual Orientation: Coming to Terms》. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-91514-4. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  9. ↑ Julia Goicichea (2017년 8월 16일). “Why New York City Is a Major Destination for LGBT Travelers”. The Culture Trip. 2020년 1월 2일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 2월 2일에 확인함. 
  10. ↑ Eli Rosenberg (2016년 6월 24일). “Stonewall Inn Named National Monument, a First for the Gay Rights Movement”. 《The New York Times》. 2020년 5월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 6월 25일에 확인함. 
  11. ↑ “Workforce Diversity The Stonewall Inn, National Historic Landmark National Register Number: 99000562”. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. 2016년 3월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 4월 21일에 확인함. 
  12. ↑ Cahill, Sean, and Bryan Kim-Butler. "Policy priorities for the LGBT community: Pride Survey 2006." New York, NY: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force (2006).
  13. ↑ Media Reference Guide 보관됨 27 12월 2019 - 웨이백 머신 (citing AP, Washington Post style guides), GLAAD. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  14. ↑ Ross, E. Wayne (2006). 《The Social Studies Curriculum: Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities》. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-6909-5. 2019년 6월 19일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  15. ↑ 가 나 Swain, Keith W. (2007년 6월 21일). “Gay Pride Needs New Direction”. 《Denver Post》. 2016년 4월 21일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2008년 7월 5일에 확인함. 
  16. ↑ Sears, James Thomas (2001). 《Rebels, Rubyfruit, and Rhinestones: Queering Space in the Stonewall South - James Thomas Sears - Google Books》. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813529646. 2022년 5월 14일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2022년 5월 2일에 확인함. 
  17. ↑ Esterberg, Kristen (1994). “From Accommodation to Liberation: A Social Movement Analysis of Lesbians in the Homophile Movement”. 《Gender and Society》 8 (3): 424–443. doi:10.1177/089124394008003008. S2CID 144795512. 
  18. ↑ Faderman, Lillian (1991). Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century America, Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-017122-3, p. 210–211.
  19. ↑ Faderman (1991), p. 217–218.
  20. ↑ 가 나 Leli, Ubaldo; Drescher, Jack (2005). 《Transgender Subjectivities: A Clinician's Guide》. Haworth Press. ISBN 978-0-7890-2576-0. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  21. ↑ “Out of the Closet and Into the Streets”. 《Center for the Study of Political Graphics》. 2016년 10월 2일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 10월 1일에 확인함. 
  22. ↑ Research, policy and practice: Annual meeting 보관됨 19 6월 2019 - 웨이백 머신, American Educational Research Association Verlag AERA, 1988.
  23. ↑ Koskovich, Gerard. “Our History”. 《The GLBT Historical Society》. 2022년 1월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2022년 1월 7일에 확인함. 
  24. ↑ “I Advocate...”. 《The Advocate》 (Issue #1024). March 2009. 80면. 
  25. ↑ Ring, Trudy (2016년 10월 26일). “Expanding the Acronym: GLAAD Adds the Q to LGBT”. Advocate. 2022년 5월 14일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 10월 30일에 확인함. 
  26. ↑ Nadal, Kevin (2017년 4월 15일). 《The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender》. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications. 1384쪽. ISBN 978-1-4833-8427-6. OCLC 994139871. 2019년 6월 19일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 1월 3일에 확인함. 
  27. ↑ “Marcha del Orgullo LGBTIQ” (스페인어). Comisión Organizadora de la Marcha (C.O.M.O). 2002년 10월 8일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 12월 2일에 확인함. 
  28. ↑ “LGBT+ mental health”. 《LGBT+ mental health》 (영어). 2022년 2월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2022년 3월 29일에 확인함. 
  29. ↑ 가 나 Vikhrov, Natalie (2019년 4월 26일). “Armenia's LGBT+ community still waits for change one year after revolution”. 《Thomson Reuters Foundation》. 2021년 2월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 4월 28일에 확인함. 
  30. ↑ Merriam-Webster. “LGBTQIA”. 《Merriam-Webster.com》. Merriam-Webster. 2022년 1월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 1월 7일에 확인함. Definition of LGBTQIA: lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning (one's sexual or gender identity), intersex, and asexual/aromantic/agender 
  31. ↑ 가 나 다 “A is for Asexual, Agender, Aromantic”. 《glaad》. 2015년 2월 11일. 2023년 3월 26일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2023년 3월 28일에 확인함. 
  32. ↑ 가 나 Kuykendall, Emily (2016년 6월 20일). “What the A in LGBTQIA+ Stands For”. 《Buddy Project》 (미국 영어). 2021년 5월 21일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 5월 21일에 확인함. The A in LGBTQIA+ stands for asexual, aromantic, and agender ... . 
  33. ↑ “The new rainbow pride flag is a design disaster—but a triumph for LGBTQ inclusiveness”. Quartz. 2018년 6월 12일. 2020년 6월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 7월 7일에 확인함. 
  34. ↑ “Coming to terms with terms”. 《www.oakpark.com》 (미국 영어). 2019년 9월 24일. 2020년 6월 29일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 25일에 확인함. 
  35. ↑ Oli (2019년 12월 4일). “The challenge of generosity”. 《Oliver Arditi》 (영어). 2020년 6월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 25일에 확인함. 
  36. ↑ DeMarco, Linda; Bruni, Sylvain (2012년 7월 18일) [1st pub. 18 May 2012]. “No More Alphabet Soup”. 《The Huffington Post》. 1527958. 2015년 2월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 
  37. ↑ Burchill, Julie (2023년 1월 6일). “Radio 4 is becoming a parody of itself”. 《Spiked》 (영국 영어). 2023년 10월 4일에 확인함. One of the most dynamic cultural events of past year was not any of the LGBTQWERTY 're-imaginings' so beloved of Radio 4's fawning arts coverage... 
  38. ↑ “'Klanned Parenthood': Bailey's running mate's old social media posts surface”. 《WGN-TV》 (미국 영어). 2022년 8월 15일. 2023년 10월 4일에 확인함. "Just say no! The LGBTQXYZ agenda is aggressively trying to repurpose classic stories and films. How can a godmother be genderless? Satan is a liar!" Trussell posted in 2020 about actor Billy Porter playing a genderless fairy godmother. 
  39. ↑ Seitzer, Helen (2022), “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community”, 《Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion》, Global Dynamics of Social Policy (Cham: Springer International Publishing), 227–253쪽, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9, ISBN 978-3-030-83402-9, S2CID 244654734, The public confusion over acronyms and pronouns goes so far that people ironically label the LGBTQ+ community "alphabet mafia" on social media platforms 
  40. ↑ Bloodsworth-Lugo, Mary K. (2007). 《In-Between Bodies: Sexual Difference, Race, and Sexuality》. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7221-7. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  41. ↑ Alder, Christine; Worrall, Anne (2004). 《Girls' Violence: Myths and Realities》. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-6110-5. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  42. ↑ Cherland, Meredith Rogers; Harper, Helen J. (2007). 《Advocacy Research in Literacy Education: Seeking Higher Ground》. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-8058-5056-7. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  43. ↑ “LGTB, en mayúsculas”. 2011년 9월 22일. 2021년 12월 19일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 12월 19일에 확인함. 
  44. ↑ Brown, Catrina; Augusta-Scott, Tod (2006). 《Narrative Therapy: Making Meaning, Making Lives》. Sage Publications Inc. ISBN 978-1-4129-0988-4. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  45. ↑ Lebaron, Sarah; Pecsenye, Jessica; Roland, Becerra; Skindzier, Jon (2005). 《Oberlin College: Oberlin, Ohio》. College Prowler, Inc. ISBN 978-1-59658-092-3. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  46. ↑ Chen, Edith Wen-Chu; Omatsu, Glenn (2006). 《Teaching about Asian Pacific Americans: Effective Activities, Strategies, and Assignments for Classrooms and Communities (Critical Perspectives on Asian Pacific Americans)》. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-5338-5. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  47. ↑ Babb, Florence E. (2001). 《After Revolution: Mapping Gender and Cultural Politics in Neoliberal Nicaragua》. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-70900-3. 
  48. ↑ Padilla, Yolanda C. (2003). 《Gay and Lesbian Rights Organizing: Community-based Strategies》. Haworth Press. ISBN 978-1-56023-275-9. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  49. ↑ Swigonski, Mary E.; Mama, Robin S.; Ward, Kelly; Shepard, Matthew (2001). 《From Hate Crimes to Human Rights: A Tribute to Matthew Shepard》. Haworth Press. ISBN 978-1-56023-257-5. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  50. ↑ Becker, Ron (2006). “Gay-Themed Television and the Slumpy Class: The Affordable, Multicultural Politics of the Gay Nineties”. 《Television & New Media》 7 (2): 184–215. doi:10.1177/1527476403255830. ISSN 1527-4764. S2CID 145717408. 
  51. ↑ DeTurk, Sara (2011). “Allies in Action: The Communicative Experiences of People Who Challenge Social Injustice on Behalf of Others”. 《Communication Quarterly》 59 (5): 569–590. doi:10.1080/01463373.2011.614209. ISSN 0146-3373. 
  52. ↑ O'Rourke, P. J. (2001). 《Peace Kills: America's Fun New Imperialism》. Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4198-9. 2021년 7월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  53. ↑ Gurjar, Kaumudi. “Maiden stage act by city's LGBT face gets censor's chop”. 《punemirror.in》. Pune Mirror. 2016년 5월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 12월 22일에 확인함. 
  54. ↑ McCusker, Ros. “Gay Leeds — Your comprehensive guide to all things gay in Leeds”. 《gayleeds.com》. 2015년 1월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 12월 22일에 확인함. 
  55. ↑ 가 나 Kelly, Morgan. “Adding 'allies' to LGBT acronym sparks controversy”. 《iowastatedaily.com》. Iowa State Daily. 2016년 3월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 12월 29일에 확인함. 
  56. ↑ 가 나 “Why People Are Upset About Equinox Gym's Pride Video”. 《Bustle》. 2017년 6월 8일. 2020년 8월 10일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2023년 3월 28일에 확인함. 
  57. ↑ “Why the A doesn't stand for Ally”. 2020년 5월 19일. 2023년 3월 26일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2023년 3월 28일에 확인함. 
  58. ↑ Richard, Katherine. “Column: "A" stands for asexuals and not allies”. 《loyolamaroon.com》. The Maroon. 2013년 12월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 12월 29일에 확인함. That "A" is not for allies[,] [t]hat "A" is for asexuals. [...] Much like bisexuality, asexuality suffers from erasure. 
  59. ↑ “Reaching into the QUILTBAG: The Evolving World of Queer Speculative Fiction”. 《Apex Magazine》. 2012년 3월 6일. 2014년 10월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 10월 6일에 확인함. 
  60. ↑ University, La Trobe. “What does LGBTIQA+ mean”. 《www.latrobe.edu.au》 (영어). 2018년 10월 13일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2018년 10월 13일에 확인함. 
  61. ↑ “LGBTIQA+ glossary of common terms”. 《aifs.gov.au》 (영어). 2022년 12월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2022년 12월 9일에 확인함. 
  62. ↑ “Government of Canada initiatives to support LGBTQ2 communities and promote diversity and inclusion”. 《JUSTIN TRUDEAU, PRIME MINISTER OF CANADA》. 2017년 11월 28일. 2019년 1월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 1월 8일에 확인함. 
  63. ↑ “Rainbow Refugee”. 2019년 1월 12일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 1월 8일에 확인함. 
  64. ↑ “LGBT2Q+”. 《www.vch.ca》. 2019년 1월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 1월 8일에 확인함. 
  65. ↑ Szklarski, Cassandra (2016년 7월 2일). “Is it time to drop LGBTQ's 'infinitely expanding alphabet' for something simpler? | CBC News”. 《CBC》 (영어). 2019년 6월 19일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 1월 8일에 확인함. 
  66. ↑ Allen, Nick (2021년 10월 8일). “Justin Trudeau mocked for using 2SLGBTQQIA+ acronym for sexual identities”. 《The Telegraph》 (영국 영어). ISSN 0307-1235. 2023년 7월 18일에 확인함. 
  67. ↑ Mitchell, Charlie (2023년 7월 17일). “Justin Trudeau mocked for using extended LGBT acronym”. 《The Times》 (영어). ISSN 0140-0460. 2023년 7월 18일에 확인함. 
  68. ↑ Canada, Women and Gender Equality (2020년 8월 19일). “2SLGBTQI+ terminology – Glossary and common acronyms”. 《women-gender-equality.canada.ca》. 2023년 7월 18일에 확인함. 
  69. ↑ “Trudeau criticized for upgrading "LGBTQ+ to 2SLGBTQI+"”. 《Al Bawaba》 (영어). 2023년 7월 18일에 확인함. 
  70. ↑ Ryan, Hugh (2014년 1월 10일). “What Does Trans* Mean, and Where Did It Come From?'”. 《Slate》. 2014년 5월 21일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 5월 21일에 확인함. 
  71. ↑ “Glossary of Transgender Terms”. 《Vaden Health Center Stanford University》. 2014년 2월 14일. 2014년 5월 21일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 5월 21일에 확인함. 
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  73. ↑ 가 나 Aragon, Angela Pattatuchi (2006). 《Challenging Lesbian Norms: Intersex, Transgender, Intersectional, and Queer Perspectives》. Haworth Press. ISBN 978-1-56023-645-0. 2012년 11월 22일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2008년 7월 5일에 확인함. 
  74. ↑ Siddharta, Amanda (2019년 4월 28일). “Trans Women March for Their Rights in Conservative Indonesia”. 《VOA》 (영어). 2019년 4월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 4월 28일에 확인함. 
  75. ↑ Dreger, Alice (2015년 5월 4일). “Reasons to Add and Reasons NOT to Add "I" (Intersex) to LGBT in Healthcare” (PDF). Association of American Medical Colleges. 2016년 6월 9일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 5월 8일에 확인함. 
  76. ↑ Makadon, Harvey J.; Mayer, Kenneth H.; Potter, Jennifer; Goldhammer, Hilary (2008). 《The Fenway Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health》. ACP Press. ISBN 978-1-930513-95-2. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  77. ↑ Koyama, Emi. “Adding the "I": Does Intersex Belong in the LGBT Movement?”. 《Intersex Initiative》. 2016년 5월 17일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 5월 18일에 확인함. 
  78. ↑ “Intersex for allies”. 2012년 11월 21일. 2016년 6월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 5월 18일에 확인함. 
  79. ↑ OII releases new resource on intersex issues 보관됨 6 6월 2014 - 웨이백 머신, Intersex for allies and Making services intersex inclusive by Organisation Intersex International Australia, via Gay News Network, 2 June 2014.
  80. ↑ Kaggwa, Julius (2016년 9월 19일). “I'm an intersex Ugandan – life has never felt more dangerous”. 《The Guardian》. ISSN 0261-3077. 2016년 10월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 10월 3일에 확인함. 
  81. ↑ 가 나 Meyer-Bahlburg, Heino F.L. (January 1990). “Will Prenatal Hormone Treatment Prevent Homosexuality?”. 《Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology》 1 (4): 279–283. doi:10.1089/cap.1990.1.279. ISSN 1044-5463. human studies of the effects of altering the prenatal hormonal milieu by the administration of exogenous hormones lend support to a prenatal hormone theory that implicates both androgens and estrogens in the development of gender preference ... it is likely that prenatal hormone variations may be only one among several factors influencing the development of sexual orientation 
  82. ↑ 가 나 Dreger, Alice; Feder, Ellen K; Tamar-Mattis, Anne (2010년 6월 29일), 《Preventing Homosexuality (and Uppity Women) in the Womb?》, The Hastings Center Bioethics Forum, 2016년 4월 2일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2016년 5월 18일에 확인함 
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  84. ↑ Jones, Tiffany; Hart, Bonnie; Carpenter, Morgan; Ansara, Gavi; Leonard, William; Lucke, Jayne (2016). 《Intersex: Stories and Statistics from Australia》 (PDF). Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers. ISBN 978-1-78374-208-0. 2016년 9월 14일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 2월 2일에 확인함. 
  85. ↑ “Free & Equal Campaign Fact Sheet: Intersex” (PDF). United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2015. 2016년 3월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 3월 28일에 확인함. 
  86. ↑ Children's right to physical integrity 보관됨 26 12월 2013 - 웨이백 머신, Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, Report Doc. 13297, 6 September 2013.
  87. ↑ “Trans? Intersex? Explained!”. Inter/Act. 2014년 10월 18일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2013년 7월 10일에 확인함. 
  88. ↑ “Basic differences between intersex and trans”. Organisation Intersex International Australia. 2011년 6월 3일. 2014년 9월 4일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2013년 7월 10일에 확인함. 
  89. ↑ Cabral Grinspan, Mauro (2015년 10월 25일), 《The marks on our bodies》, Intersex Day, 2016년 4월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2016년 10월 4일에 확인함 
  90. ↑ “In this issue”. 《Lab Animal》 48 (10): 269. 2019년 9월 19일. doi:10.1038/s41684-019-0416-5. ISSN 0093-7355. 
  91. ↑ Klesse, Christian (2007). 《The Spectre of Promiscuity: Gay Male and Bisexual Non-Monogamies and Polyamories》. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7546-4906-9. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. [모호한 표현]
  92. ↑ Wilcox, Melissa M. (2003). 《Coming Out in Christianity: Religion, Identity, and Community》. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-21619-9. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  93. ↑ 가 나 다 Mohr, Richard D. (1988). 《Gays/Justice: A Study of Ethics, Society, and Law》. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-06735-5. 2019년 6월 19일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2008년 7월 5일에 확인함. 
  94. ↑ 가 나 다 라 Atkins, Dawn (1998). 《Looking Queer: Body Image and Identity in Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, and Transgender Communities》. Haworth Press. ISBN 978-0-7890-0463-5. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  95. ↑ Blasius, Mark (1994). 《Gay and Lesbian Politics: Sexuality and the Emergence of a New Ethic》. Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-56639-173-3. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  96. ↑ Tatchell, Peter (2009년 6월 24일). “LGB - but why T?”. 《mother-ship.com》. Mothership Blog. 2009년 7월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 3월 18일에 확인함. To try and separate the LGB from the T, and from women, is political madness. Queers are, like transgender people, gender deviant. We don't conform to traditional heterosexist assumptions of male and female behaviour, in that we have sexual and emotional relationships with the same sex. We should celebrate our discordance with mainstream straight norms. The right to be different is a fundamental human right. The idea that we should conform to straight expectations is demeaning and insulting. 
  97. ↑ 가 나 다 라 마 Sycamore, Matt Bernstein (2005). 《That's Revolting!: Queer Strategies for Resisting Assimilation》. Soft Skull Press. ISBN 978-1-932360-56-1. 2012년 11월 22일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2008년 7월 5일에 확인함. 
  98. ↑ 가 나 다 라 Carlsson, Chris (2005). 《The Political Edge》. City Lights Books. ISBN 978-1-931404-05-1. 2008년 7월 5일에 확인함. 
  99. ↑ Leondar-Wright, Betsy (2005). 《Class Matters: Cross-Class Alliance Building for Middle-Class Activists》. New Society Publishers. ISBN 978-0-86571-523-3. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  100. ↑ “Anti-Gay”. Marksimpson.com. 2011년 9월 27일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 10월 23일에 확인함. 
  101. ↑ Julie Bindel (2014년 7월 2일). “Viewpoint: Should gay men and lesbians be bracketed together?”. 《BBC News Magazine》. 2014년 7월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 7월 4일에 확인함. 
  102. ↑ “LGBT Groups Respond to Petition Asking to 'Drop the T'”. 《www.advocate.com》. 2015년 11월 6일. 2019년 5월 17일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 6월 1일에 확인함. 
  103. ↑ “Signatures for 'Drop The T' counter-petition surpass original - PinkNews · PinkNews”. 《www.pinknews.co.uk》. 2015년 11월 12일. 2019년 5월 17일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 6월 1일에 확인함. 
  104. ↑ “Why More Than 1,000 People Have Signed a Petition to Drop the "T" From LGBT”. 《Teen Vogue》. 2015년 11월 9일. 2019년 5월 17일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 6월 1일에 확인함. 
  105. ↑ Beyer, Dana (2015년 11월 12일). “Gay Transphobia, 2015 Style”. 《HuffPost》. 2019년 5월 17일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 6월 1일에 확인함. 
  106. ↑ 가 나 다 Worthen, Meredith G. F. (2023년 2월 1일). “Queer identities in the 21st century: Reclamation and stigma”. 《Current Opinion in Psychology》 49: 101512. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101512. ISSN 2352-250X. PMID 36463589. S2CID 253377540. 
  107. ↑ Gamson, Joshua (1995). “Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma”. 《Social Problems》 (영어) 42 (3): 390–407. doi:10.1525/sp.1995.42.3.03x0104z. ISSN 0037-7791. JSTOR 3096854. 
  108. ↑ Ayoub, Phillip; Paternotte, David (2014년 10월 20일). 《LGBT Activism and the Making of Europe: A Rainbow Europe?》 (영어). Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-39176-6. 
  109. ↑ Armstrong, Elizabeth A. (2002). 《Forging Gay Identities: Organizing Sexuality in San Francisco, 1950–1994》. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-02694-7. 2012년 11월 22일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2008년 7월 5일에 확인함. 
  110. ↑ Halpin, Mikki (2004). 《It's Your World—If You Don't Like It, Change It: Activism for Teenagers》. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-689-87448-2. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  111. ↑ Besanvalle, James (2018년 7월 20일). “Five alternative terms you can use instead of LGBT”. 《Gay Star News》 (영국 영어). 2021년 1월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 1월 20일에 확인함. 
  112. ↑ Choudhuri, Devika Dibya; Curley, Kate (2019년 9월 20일), “Multiplicity of LGBTQ+ Identities, Intersections, and Complexities”, 《Rethinking LGBTQIA Students and Collegiate Contexts》 (Routledge), 3–16쪽, doi:10.4324/9780429447297-1, ISBN 978-0-429-44729-7, S2CID 210355997, 2023년 3월 23일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2021년 6월 9일에 확인함 
  113. ↑ Lapointe, Alicia (2016), Rodriguez, Nelson M.; Martino, Wayne J.; Ingrey, Jennifer C.; Brockenbrough, Edward, 편집., “Postgay”, 《Critical Concepts in Queer Studies and Education: An International Guide for the Twenty-First Century》, Queer Studies and Education (영어) (New York: Palgrave Macmillan US), 205–218쪽, doi:10.1057/978-1-137-55425-3_21, ISBN 978-1-137-55425-3, 2023년 3월 23일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2021년 6월 9일에 확인함 
  114. ↑ New Zealand Human Rights Commission (2010), 〈Rights of Sexual and Gender Minorities〉 (PDF), 《Human Rights in New Zealand》 (PDF), New Zealand: none, 304–323쪽, 2015년 4월 3일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서 
  115. ↑ “Sexual & Gender Minority Research Office”. 《National Institutes of Health》. 2020년 11월 12일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 11월 23일에 확인함. 
  116. ↑ “Sexual and Gender Minority Clearinghouse”. 《Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services》. 2020년 11월 23일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 11월 23일에 확인함. 
  117. ↑ Park, Andrew (July 2016). “A Development Agenda for Sexual and Gender Minorities”. 《Williams Institute》 (미국 영어). 2020년 11월 12일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 11월 23일에 확인함. 
  118. ↑ “Duke Sexual and Gender Minority Health Program”. 《Duke University》 (영어). 2021년 6월 13일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 6월 13일에 확인함. 
  119. ↑ “Center for Sexual & Gender Minority Health”. 《University of California San Francisco》 (영어). 2021년 6월 13일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 6월 13일에 확인함. 
  120. ↑ 《Strategic Plan to Advance Research on the Health and Well-being of Sexual and Gender Minorities》 (PDF), National Institutes of Health, 2021년 3월 18일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2020년 11월 23일에 확인함 
  121. ↑ “Updates on Terminology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Survey Measures” (PDF). 《Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology, under the auspices of the Office of Management and Budget》. August 2020. 2021년 6월 8일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 6월 21일에 확인함. 
  122. ↑ 《Gender and Strategic Communications in Conflict and Stabilisation Contexts》 (PDF), HM Government, January 2020, 2020년 11월 1일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2020년 11월 23일에 확인함 
  123. ↑ 《Constitution of Nepal》, Nepal Law Commission, 2015, 2020년 9월 30일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서, 2020년 11월 24일에 확인함 
  124. ↑ Navtej Singh Johar & Ors. versus Union of India thr. Its Secretary, Ministry of Law and Justice, 2018 INSC 790 (Supreme Court of India 6 September 2018).
  125. ↑ Navtej Singh Johar & Ors. versus Union of India thr. Its Secretary, Ministry of Law and Justice, 2018 INSC 790, para. 72, page no 93 in concurring opinion by Justice D.Y. Chandrachud (Supreme Court of India 6 September 2018).
  126. ↑ Jessica Antony; Wayne Antony (2022). Jessica Antony; Wayne Antony; Les Samuelson, 편집. 《Power and Resistance, 7th ed.: Critical Thinking About Canadian Social Issues》. Halifax: Fernwood Publishing. 389쪽. ISBN 978-1-77363-539-2. OCLC 1288193829. 2023년 1월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2023년 1월 5일에 확인함. 
  127. ↑ “Welcome to the Bradford University Minority Sexual and Gender Identity Site!”. Bradford Uni MSGI Society. 2008. 2008년 8월 27일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2008년 9월 9일에 확인함. 
  128. ↑ “GSRM - Gender, Sexual, and Romantic Minorities”. acronymfinder.com. 2014년 10월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 10월 6일에 확인함. 
  129. ↑ “'Diversities' May Enrich 'LGBTQIAP' Alphabet Soup”. 《The Huffington Post》. 2013년 9월 19일. 2014년 10월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 10월 6일에 확인함. 
  130. ↑ “LGBT? LGBTQ? Queer? QUILTBAG? GSM? GSRM?”. 《queerumich.com》. University of Michigan (on Tumblr). 2015년 4월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 3월 12일에 확인함. 
  131. ↑ “Gender and Sexual Minority Students (LGBTIQA)”. University of Derby. 2018년 2월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 3월 12일에 확인함. 
  132. ↑ Organisation proposes replacing the 'limiting' term LGBT with 'more inclusive' GSD 보관됨 16 6월 2018 - 웨이백 머신, 25 February 2013
  133. ↑ “'Gender And Sexual Diversities,' Or GSD, Should Replace 'LGBT,' Say London Therapists”. 《The Huffington Post》. 2013년 2월 25일. 2014년 10월 12일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 10월 6일에 확인함. 
  134. ↑ “Pride on the prowl”. 《Dalhousie News》. 2014년 10월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 10월 6일에 확인함. 
  135. ↑ Rimmerman, Craig A.; Wald, Kenneth D.; Wilcox, Clyde (2006). 《The Politics of Gay Rights》. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-1-4129-0988-4. 2015년 9월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 7월 2일에 확인함. 
  136. ↑ Young, R M & Meyer, I H (2005) The Trouble with "MSM" and "WSW": Erasure of the Sexual-Minority Person in Public Health Discourse American Journal of Public Health July 2005 Vol. 95 No. 7.
  137. ↑ Glick, M Muzyka, B C Salkin, L M Lurie, D (1994) Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis: a marker for immune deterioration and a predictor for the diagnosis of AIDS Journal of Periodontology 1994 65 p. 393–397.
  138. ↑ Brown-Acton, Phylesha (2020년 2월 25일). “Hands and feet: A reflection on Polynesian navigation—a Niue Fakafifine community practitioner perspective in Aotearoa-New Zealand”. 《Te Kaharoa》 (영어) 15 (1). doi:10.24135/tekaharoa.v15i1.298. ISSN 1178-6035. S2CID 226134097. 2021년 6월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 10월 2일에 확인함. 
  139. ↑ “Rainbow”. 《Le Va》 (영어). 2021년 10월 2일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 10월 2일에 확인함. 
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